researchnote怎麼寫

Ten Steps to Good Research Paper To write a good research paper, you must be specific about your topic, know what you want to say, and say it effectively. Following these ten steps will help you write a good research paper. Step 1. Choose Your Topic. When choosing a topic, choose one in which you are interested, and for which there is enough information. If your topic is too broad, you will have difficulty completing your paper. “The Effects of Pollution” is too broad because there are so many effects of pollution. “The Effects of Pollution on Geese in the Northeast Section of Duluth, Minnesota” is too narrow. You are not likely to find much information that is this specific. “The Effects of Pollution in Yosemite National Park” is just about right as a topic. Step 2. Locate Information. Use information from a variety of reference sources.These sources include encyclopedias, almanacs, scholarly journals, books, magazines, and newspapers. Find these sources in print form, on CD-ROMS, and on the Internet. Step 3. Prepare Bibliography Cards. Prepare bibliography cards to document the sources of information you use when writing your paper. Your library will have style manuals to illustrate how to prepare bibliography cards for various sources of information. Step 4. Prepare Note Cards. Use note cards to record notes from each source you use when writing your paper. Number your note cards to keep track of them. Step 5. Prepare an Outline. Write an outline for your paper by organizing your notes from the note cards into topics, subtopics, details, and subdetails. Use an organization such as: I. (topic) A. (subtopic) 1. (detail) a. (subdetail) Step 6. Write A Rough Draft. Use your note cards and outline to write a rough draft of your paper. As you write your draft, use numbered footnotes to credit sources from which you take quotations or major ideas. Step 7. Revise Your Rough Draft. Make any changes needed to be sure your ideas are clearly expressed and your writing has accurate spelling and grammar. Step 8. Prepare Your Bibliography. At the end of your paper, provide a list of all the sources you used to gather information for the paper. Your bibliography cards will provide this information. List your sources in alphabetical order by the first word on each of your bibliography cards. Step 9. Prepare a Title Page and Table of Contents. The title page is the first page of the paper. It should include the title of your paper, your name, and the date on which the paper is due. The table of contents is the second page. It should list the main topics, important subtopics, and the page on which each is introduced in your paper. Step 10. Final Checklist. Before handing in your paper, be sure you can answer “Yes” to each of the following questions. Did I include a title page? Did I include a table of contents? Did I number all pages correctly? Did I provide footnotes for quotations and major sources of information? Did I include a bibliography? Did I keep a second copy for my files Following these ten steps will help you write a good research paper.。

《怎樣寫Research Proposal》 Proposal這裡是開題報告的意思1。

先找導師，要幾個他推薦的方向，因為就算自己寫出來一個很nb的proposal，他不能supervise，也是白搭。2。

在這幾個方向上面廣泛閱讀，找自己的興趣；3。在感興趣的方向上深入閱讀，讀主要資料庫的2年來的論文，別讀書；4。

開始寫proposal，篇幅不限，自己能看懂就行；5。論證這個proposed 題目沒有人研究過，而且沒有人正在研究，如果有人正在研究了，研究他的下一步工作（future work），如果找不到這樣的方向，跳會第二步；6。

開始縮減篇幅，修改無數次，同時找領域裡面的大牛幫看看，提提意見；7。找外行看，如果他們能看懂60%以上，寫的就是成功的；8。

挑最乾的，最有價值的，整理成150字（我最後寫了149個字） 這個過程基本上花4周的精力。成功的proposal的衡量標準（以下幾條儘量佔全）：1。

能把要研究的內容、目標說清楚2。能在有限篇幅內說清楚（我當時150字）3。

能把研究的現狀說清楚，並說明這個work以前和現在都沒人在做4。能把研究的方法說清楚5。

能把研究的value說清楚 每個學術研究者必須經歷的一道關卡，就是Research Proposal的寫作。它大致對應中文裡的“開題報告”、“選題報告”、“研究報告”，是一項研究開始之前的提綱、規劃和陳述；既是為了幫助自己梳理文獻、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是寫給相關他人的說明：研究動機和意義何在？可能有何成果？為什麼它值得你的資助/認可/支援/批准？不知道是否可以說，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。

但實際而功利的說，如果你的proposal很爛，可能根本就不會有開始研究的機會。How to write a research proposal？能否寫出漂亮的proposal，本質上取決於你對研究的思考深度和專業水準。

但形式也很重要。英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。

程式化和結構化的好處就在於，可以讓讀者直接集中注意到最本質的內容上，而不是為形式分神。對於非英語native speaker的我們，如何理解英文學術世界的規範或曰思維定勢，也是寫作proposal之前必備的背景知識。

下面這篇流傳甚廣的Research Proposal寫作指南，言簡意賅，頗具啟發，對我自己的寫作有所幫助，也希望能給更多的學界同仁帶來便利。文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 題為：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文轉載如下：Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.Title:It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal.Abstract:It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any 。

每個學術研究者必須經歷的一道關卡，就是Research Proposal的寫作。

它大致對應中文裡的“開題報告”、“選題報告”、“研究報告”，是一項研究開始之前的提綱、規劃和陳述；既是為了幫助自己梳理文獻、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是寫給相關他人的說明：研究動機和意義何在？可能有何成果？為什麼它值得你的資助/認可/支援/批准？不知道是否可以說，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。但實際而功利的說，如果你的proposal很爛，可能根本就不會有開始研究的機會。

How to write a research proposal？ 能否寫出漂亮的proposal，本質上取決於你對研究的思考深度和專業水準。但形式也很重要。

英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和結構化的好處就在於，可以讓讀者直接集中注意到最本質的內容上，而不是為形式分神。

對於非英語native speaker的我們，如何理解英文學術世界的規範或曰思維定勢，也是寫作proposal之前必備的背景知識。下面這篇流傳甚廣的Research Proposal寫作指南，言簡意賅，頗具啟發，對我自己的寫作有所幫助，也希望能給更多的學界同仁帶來便利。

[點選這裡，檢視更多關於RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL寫作的網上資源] 文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 題為：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文轉載如下： Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one's research is only as a good as one's proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher. A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study. Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it. The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound. The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling. This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas. TITLE: It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader's interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal. ABSTRACT: It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used. INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing. If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident. Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas. However, try to place your research question in the 。

Research Report是對文章中所提到的關於某一問題、某一事件、某一經驗等相關內容，通過客觀實際的調查和了解，在實踐過程中調查到的全部資料和資料進行全面整理並且分析研究，揭示問題的本質，反應客觀規律，再得出總結。最主要的是要完整的進行書面陳述。因此Research Report作為調研報告，其最核心的要求就是必須實事求是的反映客觀和準確的分析。

簡單的來說Research Report包含了兩個部分，一 調查，二 研究。調查工作需要切入實際，準確的反映客觀實際情況，在調查過程中不能加入作者主觀的想象和猜測，要從調查物件的真實面目來了解事物，儘可能詳細的掌握大量材料。研究工作就是在作者所掌握的客觀材料的基礎上進行嚴謹的分析，透徹並且準確的解釋物件的本質。

Proposal這裡是開題報告的意思，其完成的基本步驟如下：

1。先找導師，要幾個他推薦的方向，因為就算自己寫出來一個很nb的proposal，他不能supervise，也是白搭。

2。在這幾個方向上面廣泛閱讀，找自己的興趣；

3。在感興趣的方向上深入閱讀，讀主要資料庫的2年來的論文，別讀書；

4。開始寫proposal，篇幅不限，自己能看懂就行；

5。論證這個proposed 題目沒有人研究過，而且沒有人正在研究，如果有人正在研究了，研究他的下一步工作（future work），如果找不到這樣的方向，跳會第二步；

6。開始縮減篇幅，修改無數次，同時找領域裡面的大牛幫看看，提提意見；

7。找外行看，如果他們能看懂60%以上，寫的就是成功的；

8。挑最乾的，最有價值的，整理成150字（我最後寫了149個字）

這個過程基本上花4周的精力。

成功的proposal的衡量標準（以下幾條儘量佔全）：

1。能把要研究的內容、目標說清楚

2。能在有限篇幅內說清楚（我當時150字）

3。能把研究的現狀說清楚，並說明這個work以前和現在都沒人在做

4。能把研究的方法說清楚

5。能把研究的value說清楚

第一段 總體介紹下什麼是Dragon 描寫下起源 主要從國外歷史上神話上來寫 另外龍並不是實際存在的 是虛構的 再次許多國家都有龍 比如歐洲 比如韓國 日本 象徵意義是什麼 總之儘可能地多方位解釋一下龍 為後文做鋪墊

第二段 介紹中國的龍 起源 意義 在實際生活中的應用 以及流傳到其他國家之類的

第三段 中國龍和外國龍的區別 形態 性情 神話故事中的角色等

第四段 總結 說出自己的觀點 類似於各有各的好吧 再稍微總結下中國龍和外國龍的不同

這個需要做好多準備工作 查詢資料啊 之類的 而且引用一定要標註 不然就算抄襲了 呵呵 research其實是很累人的東西

research model

研究模型；實驗模型

例句：

First, perceived security is added in technology acceptance model, then theoretical hypothesis and research model are developed, finally, structure equation modeling package is used to test them.

將感知的安全性引入技術接受模型，建立了理論模型及假設，並應用結構方程模型分析軟體進行了檢驗。

Virtual Analog Clothing Dynamic Display of the Action Research Model in Virtual Garments Show

虛擬服裝動態展示中模擬模特走秀動作的研究

The new research model got over the lack of communication during studying, enhanced the cooperation among researchers, and improved the efficiency of work and speed.

新的整合研究模式克服了傳統研究過程中各學科之間的交流不足，促進了各學科之間的合作，提高了研究效率和成果的轉化速度。